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US Strategy Risks Pushing Sunnis Into IS Arms

Written By Unknown on Kamis, 11 September 2014 | 23.31

US To Lead 'Broad Coalition' To Destroy IS

Updated: 9:38am UK, Thursday 11 September 2014

Barack Obama has authorised airstrikes in Syria for the first time in a major escalation of the military campaign against the Islamic State.

In a live televised address, the US President also announced expanded strikes in Iraq as part of "a steady, relentless effort" to root out IS extremists.

"We will hunt down terrorists who threaten our country, wherever they are," Mr Obama told Americans.

"That means I will not hesitate to take action against ISIL in Syria, as well as Iraq," he said, using an acronym to describe the group.

"This is a core principle of my presidency: If you threaten America, you will find no safe haven."

The prime-time address came on the eve of the 13th anniversary of the September 11 attacks. 

The President said that while there was no evidence IS was plotting to strike America, "if left unchecked, these terrorists could pose a growing threat beyond that region, including to the United States."

The decision to authorise airstrikes in Syria marks a turnabout for the President, who had been wary of dragging the US military into a country embroiled in a three-year civil war.

Last year, he shied away from airstrikes to punish Syrian President Bashar al Assad for using chemical weapons against his own people.

The plans also amounted to a striking shift for a President who rose to political prominence in part because of his early opposition to the Iraq war.

Mr Obama said he was dispatching nearly 500 more US troops to assist Iraqi security forces and conduct intelligence and reconnaissance flights, bringing the total number of American forces sent there this summer to more than 1,500.

But he insisted the military would not be dragged into another ground war, saying that "these American forces will not have a combat mission" and that the campaign "will not involve American combat troops fighting on foreign soil".

The President also urged Congress to authorise a programme to train and arm Syrian rebels who are fighting both the Islamic State militants and the Assad regime.

IS has been on the warpath in Iraq and Syria, taking large swathes of territory and putting US lives at risk, according to the White House.

In the last few weeks, IS has released videos of its militants beheading kidnapped American journalists James Foley and Steven Sotloff.

"This counter-terrorism campaign will be waged through a steady, relentless effort to take out ISIL wherever they exist using our air power and our support for partner forces on the ground.

"This strategy of taking out terrorists who threaten us, while supporting partners on the front lines, is one that we have successfully pursued in Yemen and Somalia for years."

On Wednesday the US announced it will provide another $48m (£29.8m) to UN agencies and other aid organisations to help ease the suffering of 1.8 million people who have been displaced by IS militants.


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Bush Aide Tweets Riveting 9/11 Account

The man who served as press secretary to President George W Bush has tweeted a minute-by-minute account of the day of the attacks.

President Bush was reading The Pet Goat to schoolchildren in Florida when the dreadful news was whispered in his ear.

Ari Fleischer, his press secretary, was with him and recounted in his tweets the moments of the day that changed American history.

"8:40am, 9-11, 2001: I was in the motorcade 4 the drive from the Colony Beach & Tennis Resort in Sarasota, FL 2the Emma Booker Elem. School," he recounted.

"8:46 Flight 11 crashes into the North Tower. The motorcade was a few minutes away from arriving at the school."

Bush on 9/11 One of Mr Fleischer's tweets. Pic: https://twitter.com/AriFleischer

"Approx 8:50: I got a page on my pager (we didn't have blackberries then and the iPhone hadn't been invented) telling me a plane hit the WTC."

The President initially was informed it was an "accident" but Mr Fleischer tweeted: "I wrote on back of a legal pad 'DON'T SAY ANYTHING YET". I wanted him 2b briefed b4 talking. I put my back to the press & held up the sign."

The tweets make for a riveting account.

Mr Fleischer said Mr Bush's much-criticised decision not to leave immediately was meant to "collect his thoughts and send a signal of calm".

At 9:30 Mr Bush addressed a group in the gym, and few people at that point knew of the attack, Mr Fleischer said, noting "No Twitter then".

Mr Fleischer recalled the President's words that a "national tragedy" had struck.

"We boarded the motorcade and drove [fast] to Air Force One, planning for a return to Washington, DC."

"9:37  American Airlines Flight 77 crashes into the Pentagon."

"POTUS is told of attack on the Pentagon by either the Secret Service in the front of the limo, or by Condi on the phone.  I don't remember."

He also said there was a report if a sniper at the end of the runway.

"9:59 The South Tower of the World Trade Center collapses."

"10:07 United Flight 93 crashes in a field in Pennsylvania."

He said the Secret Service did not want Mr Bush to go back to Washington, thinking the White House could be a target.


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Rude Awakening For Sleeping Florida Burglar

A burglar had a rude awakening after he was caught napping by the law, say police.

The intruder was found in the bedroom of a home in Sarasota, Florida, by a cleaner, who alerted the authorities.

Alleged burglar Dion Davis Pic: Sarasota County Sheriff's Office Davis has been held in custody

When police turned up the accused, Dion Davis, was still dozing next to a bag of jewellery he was allegedly planning to steal. 

The 29-year-old did not wake up, even when officers began taking pictures of him.

Police say the defendant entered the home through the kitchen window.

Davis was charged with burglary and held in custody on $10,000 (£6,162) bail.


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US Threatens Airstrikes In Syria To Fight IS

Barack Obama IS Strategy: Speech In Full

Updated: 2:20am UK, Thursday 11 September 2014

Barack Obama has outlined his strategy to defeating Islamic State in a televised address.

Here is his statement in full:

My fellow Americans - tonight, I want to speak to you about what the United States will do with our friends and allies to degrade and ultimately destroy the terrorist group known as ISIL. 

As Commander-in-Chief, my highest priority is the security of the American people. Over the last several years, we have consistently taken the fight to terrorists who threaten our country. We took out Osama bin Laden and much of al Qaeda's leadership in Afghanistan and Pakistan. We've targeted al Qaeda's affiliate in Yemen, and recently eliminated the top commander of its affiliate in Somalia. We've done so while bringing more than 140,000 American troops home from Iraq, and drawing down our forces in Afghanistan, where our combat mission will end later this year. Thanks to our military and counter-terrorism professionals, America is safer. 

Still, we continue to face a terrorist threat. We cannot erase every trace of evil from the world, and small groups of killers have the capacity to do great harm. That was the case before 9/11, and that remains true today. That's why we must remain vigilant as threats emerge. At this moment, the greatest threats come from the Middle East and North Africa, where radical groups exploit grievances for their own gain. And one of those groups is ISIL - which calls itself the "Islamic State."

Now let's make two things clear: ISIL is not "Islamic." No religion condones the killing of innocents, and the vast majority of ISIL's victims have been Muslim. And ISIL is certainly not a state. It was formerly al Qaeda's affiliate in Iraq, and has taken advantage of sectarian strife and Syria's civil war to gain territory on both sides of the Iraq-Syrian border. It is recognised by no government, nor the people it subjugates. ISIL is a terrorist organisation, pure and simple. And it has no vision other than the slaughter of all who stand in its way.

In a region that has known so much bloodshed, these terrorists are unique in their brutality. They execute captured prisoners. They kill children. They enslave, rape, and force women into marriage. They threatened a religious minority with genocide. In acts of barbarism, they took the lives of two American journalists - Jim Foley and Steven Sotloff.

So ISIL poses a threat to the people of Iraq and Syria, and the broader Middle East - including American citizens, personnel and facilities. If left unchecked, these terrorists could pose a growing threat beyond that region - including to the United States. While we have not yet detected specific plotting against our homeland, ISIL leaders have threatened America and our allies. Our intelligence community believes that thousands of foreigners - including Europeans and some Americans - have joined them in Syria and Iraq. Trained and battle-hardened, these fighters could try to return to their home countries and carry out deadly attacks.

I know many Americans are concerned about these threats. Tonight, I want you to know that the United States of America is meeting them with strength and resolve. Last month, I ordered our military to take targeted action against ISIL to stop its advances. Since then, we have conducted more than 150 successful airstrikes in Iraq. These strikes have protected American personnel and facilities, killed ISIL fighters, destroyed weapons, and given space for Iraqi and Kurdish forces to reclaim key territory. These strikes have helped save the lives of thousands of innocent men, women and children. 

But this is not our fight alone. American power can make a decisive difference, but we cannot do for Iraqis what they must do for themselves, nor can we take the place of Arab partners in securing their region. That's why I've insisted that additional U.S. action depended upon Iraqis forming an inclusive government, which they have now done in recent days. So tonight, with a new Iraqi government in place, and following consultations with allies abroad and Congress at home, I can announce that America will lead a broad coalition to roll back this terrorist threat.

Our objective is clear: we will degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counter-terrorism strategy.

First, we will conduct a systematic campaign of airstrikes against these terrorists. Working with the Iraqi government, we will expand our efforts beyond protecting our own people and humanitarian missions, so that we're hitting ISIL targets as Iraqi forces go on offence. Moreover, I have made it clear that we will hunt down terrorists who threaten our country, wherever they are. That means I will not hesitate to take action against ISIL in Syria, as well as Iraq. This is a core principle of my presidency: if you threaten America, you will find no safe haven. 

Second, we will increase our support to forces fighting these terrorists on the ground. In June, I deployed several hundred American service members to Iraq to assess how we can best support Iraqi Security Forces. Now that those teams have completed their work - and Iraq has formed a government - we will send an additional 475 service members to Iraq. As I have said before, these American forces will not have a combat mission - we will not get dragged into another ground war in Iraq. But they are needed to support Iraqi and Kurdish forces with training, intelligence and equipment. We will also support Iraq's efforts to stand up National Guard Units to help Sunni communities secure their own freedom from ISIL control.

Across the border, in Syria, we have ramped up our military assistance to the Syrian opposition. Tonight, I again call on Congress to give us additional authorities and resources to train and equip these fighters. In the fight against ISIL, we cannot rely on an Assad regime that terrorizes its people; a regime that will never regain the legitimacy it has lost. Instead, we must strengthen the opposition as the best counterweight to extremists like ISIL, while pursuing the political solution necessary to solve Syria's crisis once and for all. 

Third, we will continue to draw on our substantial counter-terrorism capabilities to prevent ISIL attacks. Working with our partners, we will redouble our efforts to cut off its funding; improve our intelligence; strengthen our defences; counter its warped ideology; and stem the flow of foreign fighters into - and out of - the Middle East. And in two weeks, I will chair a meeting of the UN Security Council to further mobilize the international community around this effort.

Fourth, we will continue providing humanitarian assistance to innocent civilians who have been displaced by this terrorist organisation. This includes Sunni and Shia Muslims who are at grave risk, as well as tens of thousands of Christians and other religious minorities. We cannot allow these communities to be driven from their ancient homelands. 

This is our strategy. And in each of these four parts of our strategy, America will be joined by a broad coalition of partners. Already, allies are flying planes with us over Iraq; sending arms and assistance to Iraqi Security Forces and the Syrian opposition; sharing intelligence; and providing billions of dollars in humanitarian aid. Secretary Kerry was in Iraq today meeting with the new government and supporting their efforts to promote unity, and in the coming days he will travel across the Middle East and Europe to enlist more partners in this fight, especially Arab nations who can help mobilize Sunni communities in Iraq and Syria to drive these terrorists from their lands. This is American leadership at its best: we stand with people who fight for their own freedom; and we rally other nations on behalf of our common security and common humanity. 

My Administration has also secured bipartisan support for this approach here at home. I have the authority to address the threat from ISIL. But I believe we are strongest as a nation when the President and Congress work together. So I welcome congressional support for this effort in order to show the world that Americans are united in confronting this danger.

Now, it will take time to eradicate a cancer like ISIL. And any time we take military action, there are risks involved - especially to the servicemen and women who carry out these missions. But I want the American people to understand how this effort will be different from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. It will not involve American combat troops fighting on foreign soil. This counter-terrorism campaign will be waged through a steady, relentless effort to take out ISIL wherever they exist, using our air power and our support for partner forces on the ground. This strategy of taking out terrorists who threaten us, while supporting partners on the front lines, is one that we have successfully pursued in Yemen and Somalia for years. And it is consistent with the approach I outlined earlier this year: to use force against anyone who threatens America's core interests, but to mobilise partners wherever possible to address broader challenges to international order. 

My fellow Americans, we live in a time of great change. Tomorrow marks 13 years since our country was attacked.  Next week marks 6 years since our economy suffered its worst setback since the Great Depression. Yet despite these shocks; through the pain we have felt and the gruelling work required to bounce back - America is better positioned today to seize the future than any other nation on Earth.

Our technology companies and universities are unmatched; our manufacturing and auto industries are thriving.  Energy independence is closer than it's been in decades.  For all the work that remains, our businesses are in the longest uninterrupted stretch of job creation in our history.  Despite all the divisions and discord within our democracy, I see the grit and determination and common goodness of the American people every single day - and that makes me more confident than ever about our country's future.

Abroad, American leadership is the one constant in an uncertain world. It is America that has the capacity and the will to mobilize the world against terrorists. It is America that has rallied the world against Russian aggression, and in support of the Ukrainian peoples' right to determine their own destiny. It is America - our scientists, our doctors, our know-how - that can help contain and cure the outbreak of Ebola. It is America that helped remove and destroy Syria's declared chemical weapons so they cannot pose a threat to the Syrian people - or the world - again. And it is America that is helping Muslim communities around the world not just in the fight against terrorism, but in the fight for opportunity, tolerance, and a more hopeful future.

America, our endless blessings bestow an enduring burden. But as Americans, we welcome our responsibility to lead. From Europe to Asia - from the far reaches of Africa to war-torn capitals of the Middle East - we stand for freedom, for justice, for dignity. These are values that have guided our nation since its founding.  Tonight, I ask for your support in carrying that leadership forward. I do so as a Commander-in-Chief who could not be prouder of our men and women in uniform - pilots who bravely fly in the face of danger above the Middle East, and service-members who support our partners on the ground.

When we helped prevent the massacre of civilians trapped on a distant mountain, here's what one of them said. "We owe our American friends our lives. Our children will always remember that there was someone who felt our struggle and made a long journey to protect innocent people."

That is the difference we make in the world. And our own safety - our own security - depends upon our willingness to do what it takes to defend this nation, and uphold the values that we stand for - timeless ideals that will endure long after those who offer only hate and destruction have been vanquished from the Earth.

May God bless our troops, and may God bless the United States of America.


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9/11 Anniversary: America Remembers Attacks

America is marking the 13th anniversary of the September 11 attacks against the backdrop of a new Islamist threat rising in the Middle East.

The commemorations began with a moment of silence, the toll of a bell, and then the names of the nearly 3,000 victims who died in the attacks were read out.

On the eve of the anniversary, President Barack Obama had laid out his strategy on how to confront Islamic State militants, telling Americans of a sustained effort needed against a growing threat.

The memorial service in New York is the first since the opening of the 9/11 museum last May.

Sept 11 anniversary Names are inscribed at the site of the World Trade Center

One World Trade Center has risen 1,776 feet above ground zero, and rebuilding efforts at the site, where 2,753 people died, are nearing completion.

"The memorial and museum is extremely important to those impacted on 9/11," said Mary Fetchet, whose son died in the attacks.

"And surrounding that memorial, lower Manhattan has been revitalized."

The moments of silence and recitations of the victims' names has become an annual ritual.

Similar ceremonies will also be held in Washington, where a hijacked plane crashed into the Pentagon, and in the field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, where another hijacked plane crashed.

Mr Obama is expected to speak during a private ceremony at the Pentagon on Thursday morning for relatives of the those who were killed there.


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Syria Airstrikes Not Ruled Out, Says No 10

Downing Street has clarified its position on the possibility of strikes in Syria, saying it has not yet abandoned the idea of airborne attacks.

The Foreign Secretary earlier appeared to strike a different note when he said the UK would not be taking part in airstrikes in Syria.

Philip Hammond was speaking after Barack Obama authorised attacks on IS fighters in Syria, as well as Iraq, for the first time, saying the terrorists had a free passage across the countries' borders.

Mr Obama said the move did not amount to support for the Assad regime in Syria, which has always claimed the terrorists were behind the uprising in the country, now in its third year.

Speaking at a news conference in Berlin, Philip Hammond told reporters the UK would not take part and said the decision would not be "revisited". 

Barack Obama Barack Obama makes his speech in the White House

"Let me be clear," he said. "Britain will not be taking part in airstrikes in Syria. I can be very clear about that."

However, the Prime Minister's spokesman later clarified his words.

"In terms of air power and the like, the Prime Minister has not ruled anything out. That is the position. No decisions have been taken in that regard," the spokesman said.

"The point he (Mr Hammond) was making was that last year Parliament expressed its view with regard to taking action with airstrikes against the Assad regime."

A number of MPs had voiced concerns about taking action in Syria, where years of civil war have allowed IS fighters to gain a stronghold and to exploit unrest in Iraq.

They feared it would be seen as tacit backing of Syrian president Bashar al Assad.

Last year the UK was on the brink of launching action against Mr Assad's regime for using chemical weapons against his own people.

However, David Cameron suffered a humiliating Commons defeat after Labour leader Ed Miliband refused to lend his backing to missile strikes.

President Obama, outlining his plan for airstrikes in Syria, committed the US to a potentially lengthy military campaign.

He said he would seek out the terrorists wherever they were.

"That means I will not hesitate to take action against ISIL in Syria, as well as Iraq. This is a core principle of my presidency: if you threaten America, you will find no safe haven."

The UK has delivered £1.6m of military equipment, including machine guns and ammunition, to Iraqi and Kurdish fighters in Iraq to help them battle the insurgents.


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Ukraine 'Regrouping' Forces To Defend East

Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko says his forces are "regrouping" in the east of the country after provocation from Russian "terrorists".

The move does not amount to a new offensive against pro-Moscow separatists, but is simply a move to defend Ukraine's territory, he said.

Mr Poroshenko said the four-day ceasefire has been difficult to maintain because of the rebels' actions.

On Wednesday morning, he signed a law which allowed for fresh economic sanctions to be imposed on Russian individuals and companies who have been backing rebels in eastern Ukraine. 

A Pro-Russian rebel holds a hand grenade at a checkpoint near the airport in Donets Pro-Russian rebels at a checkpoint near the airport in Donetsk

There are also parliamentary plans for a "special status" - giving greater autonomy - for Donetsk and Luhansk within the next week.

Despite the concerns raised during a televised government meeting in Kiev, a spokesperson for the Kremlin said Russia and Ukraine are happy with how the ceasefire is holding "on the whole".

It came as the World Health Organisation (WHO) warned that Ukraine could be facing a health emergency because its medicine supplies are dwindling.

Ukrainian refugees from the Donetsk region wait to receive food as humanitarian aid on the outskirts of the southern coastal town of Mariupol Ukrainian refugees wait to receive food on the outskirts of Mariupol

Dorit Nitzan, the UN health agency's representative in Kiev, warned: "Ukraine has no vaccines ... they don't have any vaccines in their storage. Even before the crisis began they had low (immunisation) coverage."

The professor's main concern is that there could be an outbreak of polio, a disease which mainly affects young children, as it "usually comes in countries of turmoil".

The European Union is set to discuss when its new sanctions against Russia, which were formally agreed on Monday, should be implemented.

Cease Fire in Ukraine Fails to Stop Fighting President Poroshenko unveiled his latest measures in a government meeting

EU President Herman van Rompuy confirmed there would be "an assessment of the implementation of the ceasefire agreement and the peace plan".

The Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is also planning to deploy drones in the region to monitor whether the ceasefire is holding.

Mr Poroshenko said Russia had moved 70% of its forces "back across the border" from eastern Ukraine.

"This further strengthens our hope that the peace initiatives have good prospects," he said.

Buildings burning after attacks during the ceasefire in east Ukraine There were concerns earlier this week as fighting continued in east Ukraine

Meanwhile, Amnesty International says it has evidence that both sides have committed war crimes.

At a news conference in Moscow, the group's secretary general, Salil Shetty, warned that some separatists, along with Ukraine's Aidar battalion, were responsible for human rights abuses.

"Amnesty International has called the conflict in Ukraine an international conflict, and Russia a party to that conflict," he added.

More than 3,000 people have been killed in the conflict.


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Pistorius: The Trial Judge Who Rose From Nothing

The fate of Oscar Pistorius lies in the palm of one Thokozile Masipa, a woman who grew up in poverty but rose to become only the second black female to be appointed a judge in South Africa.

From day one of the trial, the irony of this elderly black woman standing in judgement over a rich, privileged young white man cannot have been lost in a country with a racial history like South Africa.

The 66-year-old grew up under the apartheid system in Soweto - the most well-known disadvantaged township of them all at the time. 

Pistorius

She would have had to obtain permission from her white employers to travel to certain areas. She would have had to show her passbook when asked to by the police, which would have been often.

She would have been confined to all-black schools with deliberately limited opportunities and she would not have been allowed to vote.

Judge Masipa would have been 29 years old when a peaceful march by thousands of students in Soweto was broken up after police fired tear gas and live bullets. The Soweto uprisings as they became known led to similar protests across South Africa.

These events would have shaped Thokozile Matilda Masipa, who was the eldest of 10 siblings.

Judge Thokozile Masipa Ms Masipa is only the second female to be appointed a judge in South Africa

She already had two main careers and had two young children by the time she started studying law in her forties - achievements which would be considered exceptional and remarkable for a white woman in South Africa (or anywhere), but were utterly unheard of for a black woman then.

Although she worked at a string of odd jobs beforehand, including as a nursing assistant and a tea lady, she sought largely vocational careers where her friends say she hoped to change the unequal South African landscape she was born into.

She became first a social worker and then a newspaper reporter, at one stage working as a crime reporter. It was a tough time to be a journalist.

Once she spent a night in the cells having been arrested for protesting at the unfair detention of some of her male journalist colleagues.

Defence Lawyer, Barry RouxOscar Pistorius Is Tried For The Murder Of His Girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp Both lawyers Barry Roux and Gerrie Nel have felt the wrath of the judge

During her time as women's editor of The Post, she broke with tradition and wrote about female empowerment and the victims of police brutality rather than cooking recipes and fashion.

It seems she has been breaking with tradition ever since.

She graduated from law school in 1990, the same year that Nelson Mandela was freed from prison and eight years later became only the second black woman judge appointed to the High Court.

The woman known as "Tilly" to her longtime friends is known to be a quiet, diligent, conscientious, reserved person.

Her boss for 14 years is the former Judge President, Bernard Ngoepe, who remembers her being quick to help, uncomplaining and absolutely passionate about justice.

He was part of the process which saw her appointed judge.

SAFRICA-TRIAL-PISTORIUS The Pistorius trial is the first to be broadcast live around the world

He said: "I felt her past experiences in social work and journalism meant she had a certain empathy, a real feeling for the people she was dealing with. I liked that in her."

And what about being at the centre of South African legal history?

The Oscar Pistorius trial is the first to be broadcast live in South Africa - and around the world.

Mr Ngoepe said: "I rang and asked her whether I should do this interview with you.

"And you know what she said? She said it's neither here nor there. She said she hasn't read any of the newspapers or followed events on the television during this trial so it's neither here nor there.

Pistorius verdict Judge Masipa has largely ignored the media coverage around the trial

"I don't think it's made any difference to her that it's been broadcast live."

In one rare interview a few years ago, Judge Masipa admitted her background affected the way she viewed the mainly poor, mainly young men who came before her in court.

She said: "I understand them because they are from the same place I come from. I wouldn't say I am too lenient but I am more understanding."

Certainly judging from at least one of her decisions, she is anything but lenient. She once sentenced a serial rapist to 252 years in jail for leaving his victims traumatised for life.

But her views on the six-month-long Pistorius murder trial have been difficult to decipher.

She has said little, intervened only when absolutely necessary and astonished many of the watching media by her ability to maintain a poker face through some of the most dramatic moments of the 41 court days.

She has shown she is no pushover - admonishing the media, the public, the two advocates and publicly humiliating the defence's legal assistant when his mobile phone inadvertently went off.

"He apologises, m'lady," defence lawyer Barry Roux said.

"Well he can stand up and apologise himself," retorted the indomitable Judge Masipa. And he did.

Over the next two days, the inscrutable m'lady will take us through her thinking, her assessments, who she believes and who she doubts - and at the end of that, she will finally conclude whether Oscar Pistorius committed murder or not when he shot his girlfriend four times through the toilet door.


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Oscar Pistorius Cleared Of Reeva Murder

M'Lady: The Trial Judge Who Rose From Nothing

Updated: 8:38am UK, Thursday 11 September 2014

By Alex Crawford, Special Correspondent, in Pretoria

The fate of Oscar Pistorius lies in the palm of one Thokozile Masipa, a woman who grew up in poverty but rose to become only the second black female to be appointed a judge in South Africa.

From day one of the trial, the irony of this elderly black woman standing in judgement over a rich, privileged young white man cannot have been lost in a country with a racial history like South Africa.

The 66-year-old grew up under the apartheid system in Soweto - the most well-known disadvantaged township of them all at the time. 

She would have had to obtain permission from her white employers to travel to certain areas. She would have had to show her passbook when asked to by the police, which would have been often.

She would have been confined to all-black schools with deliberately limited opportunities and she would not have been allowed to vote.

Judge Masipa would have been 29 years old when a peaceful march by thousands of students in Soweto was broken up after police fired tear gas and live bullets. The Soweto uprisings as they became known led to similar protests across South Africa.

These events would have shaped Thokozile Matilda Masipa, who was the eldest of 10 siblings.

She already had two main careers and had two young children by the time she started studying law in her forties - achievements which would be considered exceptional and remarkable for a white woman in South Africa (or anywhere), but were utterly unheard of for a black woman then.

Although she worked at a string of odd jobs beforehand, including as a nursing assistant and a tea lady, she sought largely vocational careers where her friends say she hoped to change the unequal South African landscape she was born into.

She became first a social worker and then a newspaper reporter, at one stage working as a crime reporter. It was a tough time to be a journalist.

Once she spent a night in the cells having been arrested for protesting at the unfair detention of some of her male journalist colleagues.

During her time as women's editor of The Post, she broke with tradition and wrote about female empowerment and the victims of police brutality rather than cooking recipes and fashion.

It seems she has been breaking with tradition ever since.

She graduated from law school in 1990, the same year that Nelson Mandela was freed from prison and eight years later became only the second black woman judge appointed to the High Court.

The woman known as "Tilly" to her longtime friends is known to be a quiet, diligent, conscientious, reserved person.

Her boss for 14 years is the former Judge President, Bernard Ngoepe, who remembers her being quick to help, uncomplaining and absolutely passionate about justice.

He was part of the process which saw her appointed judge.

He said: "I felt her past experiences in social work and journalism meant she had a certain empathy, a real feeling for the people she was dealing with. I liked that in her."

And what about being at the centre of South African legal history?

The Oscar Pistorius trial is the first to be broadcast live in South Africa - and around the world.

Mr Ngoepe said: "I rang and asked her whether I should do this interview with you.

"And you know what she said? She said it's neither here nor there. She said she hasn't read any of the newspapers or followed events on the television during this trial so it's neither here nor there.

"I don't think it's made any difference to her that it's been broadcast live."

In one rare interview a few years ago, Judge Masipa admitted her background affected the way she viewed the mainly poor, mainly young men who came before her in court.

She said: "I understand them because they are from the same place I come from. I wouldn't say I am too lenient but I am more understanding."

Certainly judging from at least one of her decisions, she is anything but lenient. She once sentenced a serial rapist to 252 years in jail for leaving his victims traumatised for life.

But her views on the six-month-long Pistorius murder trial have been difficult to decipher.

She has said little, intervened only when absolutely necessary and astonished many of the watching media by her ability to maintain a poker face through some of the most dramatic moments of the 41 court days.

She has shown she is no pushover - admonishing the media, the public, the two advocates and publicly humiliating the defence's legal assistant when his mobile phone inadvertently went off.

"He apologises, m'lady," defence lawyer Barry Roux said.

"Well he can stand up and apologise himself," retorted the indomitable Judge Masipa. And he did.

Over the next two days, the inscrutable m'lady will take us through her thinking, her assessments, who she believes and who she doubts - and at the end of that, she will finally conclude whether Oscar Pistorius committed murder or not when he shot his girlfriend four times through the toilet door.


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Pistorius Verdict: The Judge's Key Remarks

Calm, measured and without pomp or ceremony, Judge Thokozile Masipa took her time as she summed up the evidence in the trial of Oscar Pistorius.

There were several crucial observations from the judge throughout the hearing.

:: Judge Masipa said witnesses who claimed they heard gunshots from Pistorius's home had been "correctly criticised" as unreliable. She added that, in actuality, the noise they heard was a cricket bat hitting a door. On that basis, she excluded their testimonies.

:: She discussed Reeva Steenkamp's injuries after four gunshots were fired through the toilet door. The judge insisted that because the shots were fired in quick succession, "the deceased would have been unable to scream".

:: Judge Masipa said the state prosecution's case rested mostly on circumstantial evidence and not facts. This, in part, is because the timings given by witnesses did not match up to their phone records.

:: Other evidence thrown out by the judge included four WhatsApp messages, which the state claimed was proof that the athlete "dominated and scared" his model girlfriend.

:: Turning to the cross-examinations that Pistorius has given in recent months, Judge Masipa described the double amputee as an "evasive and very poor" witness.

:: After a short break, the judge rejected the defence's claims that Pistorius suffered from a mental disorder, and ruled he was capable of appreciating the wrongfulness of his actions.

She said Pistorius did have control over his actions and could distinguish between right and wrong - implying that she thought he had made a conscious decision to shoot.

:: Judge Masipa continued to compare how Pistorius acted with how a "reasonable man" would. She insisted it was not reasonable that he armed himself with a gun, and said "the accused clearly wanted to use the firearm".

:: However, in a blow to the prosecution, the judge ruled that "there were just not enough facts" to prove that Pistorius had committed premeditated murder.

:: Soon afterwards, Judge Masipa said there was nothing to suggest that Oscar Pistorius did not honestly believe there was an intruder in his home. She added: "At worst for him, he can be convicted of culpable homicide."

The judge ruled out negligence, but said there was "no doubt" that Pistorius had acted unlawfully on Valentine's Day last year.

:: Judge Masipa finished Thursday's court hearing by telling Pistorius that "there were other means avail to you to deal with the threat".

She added: "All the accused had to do was pick up the phone and ring security, or run to the balcony and call for help."

The judge warned that his background was not an excuse for his conduct, as "other victims do not resort to sleeping with firearms under their pillows".

Judge Masipa concluded by saying that Pistorius "acted too hastily and used force", then adjourned for the day.


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